ThePlaz: Latin Grammer Notes moved to Latin Grammar Notes: spelling

2007-11-12T02:31:45Z

Latin Grammer Notes moved to Latin Grammar Notes: spelling

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2007-08-17T14:39:51Z

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{{Red Box|Warning!|I did these for the first 3 or so months of [[Latin 1]] (up until 11/14/2004) So they only over the very basics, and may not match how your teacher teaches the basics anyway. Hope they help!}}

<big>'''Latin Grammar'''</big>

# Pronunciation:
## No j,k,y,z,w
## So
### V=W
### C=K (always a had K (like cat))
### G=Go (no soft G<nowiki>’</nowiki>s like George)
## Vowels
### A=Ah (father)
### E=A (Aestate (sounds like I-stata-tae<nowiki>]</nowiki>)
### I=E (Machine<nowiki>]</nowiki>
## Diphthong
### Two vowls that make an I sound (mean)
### AE=I (Aestate (sounds like Istatati<nowiki>]</nowiki>)
### IA=Ya (Iam (sounds like yam))
# Macrons
## Accent marks
## Indicate length of shortness of vowels
## I am not responsible to know these now
# Articles
## Are a, the, an
## Ex: The Girl
## NONE OF THESE IN LATIN
# Verb Order
## Verb is often at the end of sentence
## ???Does it have to be?????????? I don<nowiki>’</nowiki>t think so.
## You need to move words around
## Not every word is translatable
# Derivatives
## English words that come with Latin roots
## They need to share similar characteristics.
### Similar root
#### Ex: Salve to Salute
### Similar meaning
#### Ex: Salve means hello, greeting in Latin; Salute is to greet, welcome, or acknowledge somebody, either with a gesture or in words
# Parts Of Speech
## Nouns <nowiki>[</nowiki>Land<nowiki>]</nowiki>
### Persons, places, things, or ideas
### Nouns have:
#### Number
##### Singular
###### Female= Ends in '''a'''
###### Male= Ends in '''us'''
##### Plural
###### Female= Ends in '''ae''' <nowiki>[</nowiki>e sounds like i<nowiki>]</nowiki>
###### Male= Ends in no '''us''', add '''I'''
#### Gender
##### Masculine (male)
###### Sing='''us'''
###### Plural= no '''us''', add '''i'''
##### Feminine (Female)
###### Sing='''a'''
###### Plural='''ae'''
##### Some irregular
###### abrore -<nowiki>></nowiki> Plural -<nowiki>></nowiki> arbores
#### Use <nowiki>[</nowiki>Case<nowiki>]</nowiki>
##### The role the noun plays in the sentence.
##### Subject <nowiki>[</nowiki>Nominative<nowiki>]</nowiki>
###### Does the action
###### Ends as written before
##### Direct Object (D.O.) <nowiki>[</nowiki>Accusative<nowiki>]</nowiki>
###### A noun that receives the action of the verb
###### What the verb does
###### in/to/around are '''Not''' D.O., but prepositions
###### Examples:

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"
|My dad
|Bakes
|A cake
|-
|My turtle
|Writes
|A symphony
|-
|align = "center"|'''subject'''
|align = "center"|'''Verb'''
|align = "center"|'''Direct object'''
|-
|}

###### Example:
####### Marcum conspict puella.
####### Means: The girls catch sight of Marcus.
####### Word order can be changed around
###### Singular D.O. ends in '''M''' in Latin
####### Sextum
####### Cornelium
### Declensions (11/14/04) <nowiki>[</nowiki>Groups of Nouns that share endings<nowiki>]</nowiki>

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"
| 
|<big>'''Declensions'''</big>
|'''Female (1)'''
|'''Male (2)'''
|'''Male/Female (3)'''
|-
|rowspan = "11"|<big>'''S'''</big> '''ingular'''
|'''Base Ends in'''
|'''A'''
|'''Us/r'''
|'''or'''
|-
|rowspan = "4"|'''Nominative'''
|Villa
|Ramus
|Arbor
|-
|Puella
|Servus
|Vox
|-
|Flavia
|Sextus
|Fragor
|-
| 
|vir
|Clamor
|-
| 
|colspan = "2"|All 3rd Declention we learned <nowiki>>>></nowiki>
|Patar
|-
|rowspan = "5"|'''Accusitive'''
|'''Add M'''
|'''Add um'''
|'''Add em'''
|-
|Villam
|Sextum
|Arborem
|-
|Puellam
|Servium
|Fragorem
|-
|Flaviam
|Ramum
|Clamorem
|-
|colspan = "2"|Is irregular change
|Vocem
|-
|rowspan = "5"|<big>'''P'''</big> '''lural'''
|rowspan = "4"|'''Nominative'''
|'''Add E'''
|'''No us, I'''
|'''Add és'''
|-
|Villae
|Rami
|Arbores
|-
|puellae
|Servi
|patres
|-
| 
|pueri
|matres
|-
|'''Accusitive'''
|No '''A''', Add '''ás'''
|No '''us''', Add '''ós'''
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|(Same as Plural Nominative) '''Add és'''
|-
| 
| 
|puellás
|ramós
|-
| 
| 
|Villás
|puerós
|-
| 
| 
| 
|servós
|-
|}

:

## Verbs <nowiki>[</nowiki>Ville<nowiki>]</nowiki>
### Action words
### HAS DIFFERENT ENDING THEN NOUNS
#### '''T=Singular (he or she)'''
#### '''NT=Plural (they)'''
#### More specific:

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"
|Ends in '''at'''
|'''Et'''
|'''it'''
|-
|Habitat
|Sedet
|Scribt
|-
|Ambulat
| 
|Legit
|-
|Plural= add '''ant'''
|Add '''ent'''
|add '''unt'''
|-
|Habitant
|sedent
|Scribunt
|-
|ambiliant
| 
| 
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "3"|Est/sunt = are irregular verbs
|-
|}

### '''If the subject of the sentence is singular, the verb is singular.'''
### '''If the subject of the sentence is plural, the verb is plural.'''
### Infinitives
#### a verb form that completes the meaning of another verb

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"
|'''Marcus'''
|'''Wants'''
|'''To climb'''
|'''The tree'''
|-
|Marcus
|vult
|asendere
|arborem
|-
|Subject
|Main Verb
|Infinitive
|D.O.
|-
|}

#### Infintives, in English, mean, '''TO ____________'''
##### To build
##### To sleep
##### To jump
##### To play
##### '''In Latin, end in '''<big>'''RE'''</big>
#### '''conjugations:'''

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"
|align = "center"|Group 1
|align = "center"|Group 2
|align = "center"|Group 3
|align = "center"|Group 4
|rowspan = "3"|'''THIS CHART IS IMPORTANT'''
|-
|align = "center"|End in '''AT'''
|align = "center"|End in '''ET'''
|align = "center"|End in '''RE'''
|align = "center"|'''Irregular'''
|-
|Vexat
|Ridet
|currit
|Audit
|-
|Habtat
|Videt
|More?
|Dormit
|rowspan = "3"| Only 3 irregulars that we know
|-
|Ambulat
|Terret
| 
|advenit
|-
|laborat
| 
| 
| 
|-
|No '''T''' add '''RE'''
|No '''ET''' add '''ÉRE'''
|No '''IT''' Add '''ERE'''
|???? make all '''IRE''' ?????
|'''To make Infinitive'''
|-
|Vexare
|Ridére
|Currit
| 
|How to do these ???
|-
|Habtare
|Vidére
|currere
| 
| 
|-
|Ambulare
|Terrére
| 
| 
| 
|-
|Laborare
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
|}

## Adjectives <nowiki>[</nowiki>Burrow<nowiki>]</nowiki>
### Describes nouns
### Must agree with the nouns they describe in number
#### ex. If nouns are plural, adj. is plural

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"
|align = "center"|Singular
|align = "center"|Plural
|-
|Laeta
|Laetae
|-
|Defessa
|Defaessae
|-
|}

### Must agree with Male/Female
#### just add the noun ending

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"
|Female Sing
|Puella Laeta
|-
|Female Plural
|Puellae Laetae
|-
|Male Sing
|Servus Laetus
|-
|Male Plural
|Servui Laeti
|-
|}

##### Remember that I sounds like E
### Also must agree in use

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"
|Subject
|Puella Laeta
|-
|D.O.
|Puellam Laetum
|-
|}

#### '''Adj. must agree in number, gender, use'''

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"
|Female Sing Subject
|Puella Laeta
|-
|Female Sing D.O.
|Puellam Laetum
|-
|Male Sing D.O.
|Servum Laetum
|-
|}

#### Adj. can not be irregular
##### D.O. Adj. end in m or um
##### See above (6.a.iii)
## Adverbs
### Describes verbs

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Red Box|Warning!|I did these for the first 3 or so months of [[Latin 1]] (up until 11/14/2004)  So they only over the very basics, and may not match how your teacher teaches the basics anyway.  Hope they help!}}
+[[Category:Latin 1]]
 <big>'''Latin Grammar'''</big>

Latin Grammar Notes - Revision history

ThePlaz: Latin Grammer Notes moved to Latin Grammar Notes: spelling

ThePlaz: add cat

ThePlaz: post changes